AWARENESS: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DIPHTHERIA

The Ministry of Health and Human Services of the Federal Government of Somalia has officially announced an increase in reported cases of Diphtheria, a serious and contagious illness, currently affecting multiple districts in Mogadishu and surrounding areas.

Diphtheria is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection that primarily affects children but can also infect adults. It is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DIPHTHERIA:

1. Mild fever with a gradual onset

2. Severe sore throat, especially during swallowing

3. Throat pain, hoarseness, and persistent coughing

4. Swelling of the neck (cervical lymphadenopathy) – particularly in children

5. Presence of grayish or whitish pseudomembrane covering the throat or pharynx – which may lead to breathing difficulty

6. Fatigue, nausea, and shortness of breath

7. In severe cases, the infection can involve the heart (myocarditis) and nervous system (neuropathy) if not promptly treated

MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

Diphtheria spreads through:

Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing

Direct contact with lesions or items contaminated by an infected person (e.g., utensils, bedding)

Children in school settings or individuals in crowded environments are particularly vulnerable

WHAT TO DO IF DIPHTHERIA IS SUSPECTED?

If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, especially in a child or adult with:

Complaints of sore throat

Fever, respiratory distress, or visible neck swelling

Thick, grayish secretions covering the throat

Immediately seek medical attention at DE-MARTINO PUBLIC HOSPITAL

the only facility officially designated by the Ministry of Health to diagnose and treat confirmed or suspected cases of this dangerous infection.

HOW TO PREVENT DIPHTHERIA:

1. DPT vaccination (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) – the most important preventive measure, starting at 6 weeks of age for infants

2. Good personal hygiene (e.g., frequent handwashing, use of tissues, proper sanitation)

3. Avoiding overcrowded areas during outbreaks

4. Isolating suspected cases to prevent further transmission

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